Chapter1AnOverviewofLogistics物流概述
TestforChapter1
1、
Logistics clearly contributes to ___________ and ___________ utility.
答案: time; place
2、
___________ utility refers to the value or usefulness that comes from a customer being able to take possession of a product.
答案: Possession
3、
___________ utility refers to having products available where they are needed by customers.
答案: Place
4、
All of the following are types of economic utility, except:
答案: Production
5、
“How well a company does what it says it’s going to do” represents ___________.
答案: effectiveness
6、
What concept refers to “how well company resources are used to achieve what a company promises it can do?”
答案: Efficiency
7、
Every customer getting the same type and level of logistics service refers to ___________.
答案: mass logistics
8、
Which of the following is not a reason for the increased importance of logistics?
答案: growing power of manufacturers
9、
Widespread reductions in economic regulation of US transportation carriers occurred in ____.
答案: 1970s and 1980s
10、
The ____ concept suggests that the customer desires a product offering that is highly tailored to the customer’s exact preferences.
答案: customized customer
11、
Approximately ____ percent of US adult women are currently in the workforce.
答案: 60
12、
____ refers to the removal of intermediaries between producer and consumer.
答案: disintermediation
13、
____ are stores with large amounts of both floor space and product for sale.
答案: big-box retailers
14、
The ____ approach indicates that a company’s objectives can be realized by recognizing the mutual interdependence of major functional areas.
答案: systems
15、
The movement and storage of materials into a firm refers to:
答案: materials management
16、
Which concept refers to the storage of finished product and movement to the customer?
答案: physical distribution
17、
Logistics managers use the ____ approach to coordinate materials management and physical distribution in a cost-efficient manner.
答案: total cost
18、
A cost trade-off is a situation where:
答案: some costs increase and some costs decrease
19、
The ____ department often measures inventory in terms of its cost or value in dollars, whereas ____ tends to measure inventory in terms of units.
答案: finance; logistics
20、
A common interface between production and logistics involves:
答案: the length of production runs
21、
____ refers to the delay of value-added activities such as assembly, production, and packaging to the latest possible time.
答案: postponement
22、
The four basic components of the marketing mix include all of the following except:
答案: production
23、
Landed costs refer to:
答案: a price that includes both the cost of the product plus transportation to the buyer
24、
____ refers to being out of an item at the same time there is demand for it.
答案: stockout
25、
The ownership channel consists of all parties except:
答案: customers
26、
Which channel covers the movement of title to the goods?
答案: ownership
27、
____ is bringing together similar stocks from different sources.
答案: accumulating
28、
The most costly logistics activity in many firms is ____.
答案: transportation management
29、
Brokers are intermediaries that are commonly associated with the ____ channel.
答案: negotiation
30、
U.S. News & World Report suggests that logistics employment should increase by ____ percent through 2018.
答案: 20
31、
Absolute and relative logistics costs in relation to Gross Domestic Product vary from country to country.
答案: 正确
32、
The four general types of economic utility are production, possession, time, and place.
答案: 错误
33、
The current definition of logistics, as promulgated by the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals, suggests that logistics is part of the supply chain process.
答案: 正确
34、
Logistics is only concerned with forward flows, that is, those directed towards the point of consumption.
答案: 错误
35、
The purpose of logistics is to maximize customer service.
答案: 错误
36、
In mass logistics, groups of customers with similar logistical needs and wants are provided with logistics services appropriate to those wants and needs.
答案: 错误
37、
Humanitarian logistics represents an emerging application of logistics to not-for-profit organizations.
答案: 正确
38、
Superior logistics is an essential component of corporate strategies for many big-box retailers.
答案: 正确
39、
Physical distribution is synonymous with materials management.
答案: 错误
40、
The key to the total cost approach is that all relevant cost items are considered simultaneously when making a decision.
答案: 正确
41、
Long production runs sometimes result in excessive inventory of products with limited demand for them.
答案: 正确
42、
Landed costs refer to the price of a product at its source.
答案: 错误
43、
Logistical decisions tend not to be impacted by marketers’ growing emphasis on offering sustainable products.
答案: 错误
44、
There is no linkage between the promotions and logistics channels.
答案: 错误
45、
The most significant contribution that the logistics channel makes to the overall channel process is the sorting function.
答案: 正确
46、
Intermediaries assume ownership of goods while they’re in the marketing channel.
答案: 错误
47、
A broker is a type of intermediary often associated with the negotiations channel.
答案: 正确
48、
A commonly used logistical intermediary is the freight forwarder.
答案: 正确
49、
Packaging can have both a marketing and logistical dimension.
答案: 正确
50、
U.S. News & World Report has highlighted logistician as one of the 50 best careers.
答案: 正确
Chapter2ManagerialIssuesinLogistics物流中的管理问题
TestforChapter2
1、
____ refers to the amount of output divided by the amount of input.
答案: productivity
2、
Productivity improvement efforts in logistics are often directed towards ____.
答案: increasing output while holding input constant
3、
What is the most important purpose of warehouse work rules?
答案: to keep employees from engaging in unproductive and potentially destructive activities
4、
A ____ is a device used to monitor and control the actions taken by a driver and his/her vehicle.
答案: tachograph
5、
____ is a set of generic standards used to document, implement, and demonstrate quality management and assurance systems.
答案: ISO 9000
6、
____ refers to the integration of Six Sigma and the Lean approach.
答案: Lean Six Sigma
7、
What is a key difference between IS0 9000 and the Baldrige Quality Award?
答案: the Baldrige Award is more externally focused than is ISO 9000
8、
The ____ has been established to identify uncertainty sources that can affect the risk exposure for logistics activities.
答案: Logistics Uncertainty Pyramid Model
9、
From a logistics perspective, two of most important government agencies incorporated into the Department of Homeland Security were the Transportation Security Agency and ____.
答案: Customs and Border Protection
10、
The ____ is responsible for the security of the U.S. transportation system.
答案: Transportation Security Administration
11、
The Importer Security Filing (ISF) rule requires importers to file ____ pieces of information and carriers to file ____ pieces of information.
答案: 10; 2
12、
All of the following are reasons why logisticians should be concerned about theft, except:
答案: stolen products may not reappear to compete with other products
13、
The materials stolen in ____ are usually for the employee’s own use.
答案: pilferage
14、
What is the primary difference between pilferage and theft?
答案: pilferage involves a firm’s own employees, while theft involves efforts from outsiders
15、
The concept of logistics social responsibility, or corporate social responsibility issues that relate directly to logistics, did not emerge until which decade?
答案: 1990-1999
16、
The two areas in logistics systems where most energy costs occur are ____ and ____.
答案: warehousing; transportation
17、
With respect to the design of warehouses, one suggestion for energy savings is to make sure that dock doors are not placed on the ____ of a building.
答案: north
18、
Transportation accounts for approximately ____ of all petroleum consumption in the United States
答案: two-thirds
19、
Which of the following is not one of the three critical factors associated with the process of managing returned goods?
答案: how many products are returned
20、
____ complexity centers on the implications associated with the increasing number of products that most companies continue to face in an effort to differentiate themselves with their customers.
答案: range
21、
Union work rules are often very specific in the sense that job descriptions spell out the responsibilities associated with a particular job.
答案: 正确
22、
As a general rule, the same types of supervision can be used for both warehouse workers and truck drivers.
答案: 错误
23、
Wireless communications, global positioning systems, and graphical information systems offer tremendous opportunities to improve driver productivity.
答案: 正确
24、
Excess capacity, or unused available space, can be unproductive because it may result in the purchase of additional equipment or space.
答案: 正确
25、
Logistics service quality relates to a firm’s ability to deliver products, materials and services without defects or errors to both internal and external customers.
答案: 正确
26、
Terrorism can be viewed as an illegal use of or threat of force or violence made by a group or an individual against a person, a company, or somebody’s property with a goal of menacing the target, often grounded in politics or ideology.
答案: 正确
27、
From a logistical perspective, the Transportation Security Administration and the Department of Transportation are two of the most important government entities that were incorporated into the Department of Homeland Security.
答案: 错误
28、
The Transportation Worker Identification Credential (TWIC) uses biometric data to exclude certain workers from secure areas at ports and terminals.
答案: 正确
29、
The Importer Security Filing (ISF) rule requires carriers to file 10 pieces of information and importers to file two pieces of information.
答案: 错误
30、
Experts recommend that the best pilferage policy should be based on zero tolerance.
答案: 正确
31、
One of the most effective methods of protecting goods from theft or pilferage is to keep them moving through the system.
答案: 正确
32、
Logistics does not have an inherent connection to sustainability.
答案: 错误
33、
Potential logistics social responsibility dimensions include the environment, diversity, safety, and philanthropy, among others.
答案: 正确
34、
Warehousing and packaging are the two areas in logistics systems where the most energy costs occur.
答案: 错误
35、
Roof color is often overlooked as an area for warehousing energy control.
答案: 正确
36、
Reverse logistics can be four to five times more expensive than forward logistics.
答案: 正确
37、
Network complexity refers to the growing number of nodes and the associated changes to the links in logistics systems.
答案: 正确
38、
Customs and Border Protection is responsible for securing U.S. borders to protect the American people and the U.S. economy.
答案: 正确
39、
Companies that participate in the Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism are exempt from all import tariffs and all import quotas.
答案: 错误
40、
System complexity centers on the implications associated with the increasing number of products that most companies continue to face in an effort to differentiate themselves with their customers.
答案: 错误
Chapter3TheSCMConcept供应链管理的概念
TestforChapter3
1、
An underperforming supply chain is defined as one that exhibits poor service, unproductive assets, or ____.
答案: high variable operating costs
2、
The supply chain management concept originated in what discipline?
答案: logistics
3、
What concept can be viewed as a combination of processes, functions, activities, relationships, and pathways along which products, services, information, and financial transactions move in and between enterprises from original producer to ultimate end user or consumer?
答案: supply chain
4、
Although nearly any organization can be part of a supply chain, supply chain management requires ____.
答案: companies to adopt an enterprise-to-enterprise point of view
5、
The two most prominent supply chain management process frameworks are the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) Model and the ____.
答案: Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF) Model
6、
Which organizational function is not a focus of the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model?
答案: marketing
7、
The current Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF) model identifies ____ key processes associated with supply chain management.
答案: eight
8、
Contemporary supply chains are increasingly required to be fast and ____.
答案: agile
9、
An organization’s ability to respond to changes in demand with respect to volume and variety refers to ____.
答案: agility
10、
What is a perfect order?
答案: simultaneous achievement of relevant customer metrics
11、
What concept refers to the variability in demand orders among supply chain participants?
答案: the bullwhip effect
12、
Which of the following is not a way to reduce inventory levels?
答案: supply-push replenishment
13、
Cooperative supply chain relationships developed to enhance the overall business performance of both parties is a definition of:
答案: supply chain collaboration
14、
Supply chain collaboration can be classified as transactional, ____, or strategic in nature.
答案: tactical information sharing
15、
Tailored business relationships between two supply chain members refer to:
答案: supply chain partnership
16、
According to the text, ____has been at the center of the changes taking place that affect the supply chain.
答案: technology
17、
Two key factors, ____ and ____, have sparked much of the technological change affecting supply chains.
答案: computing power; Internet
18、
The general idea behind ____ is that one company allows a specialist company to provide it with one or more logistics functions.
答案: third-party logistics
19、
What is a fourth-party logistics provider?
答案: a company that ensures that various third-party logistics companies are working toward the relevant supply chain goals and objectives
20、
Which of the following is false?
答案: senior management commitment to supply chain management occurs in one of every two organizations
21、
Supply chains are a new concept in the sense that they were first identified in the 1970s and 1980s.
答案: 错误
22、
Customers are not included as a component of supply chains.
答案: 错误
23、
The two prominent supply chain management frameworks are the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model and the Process Classification Framework (PCF).
答案: 错误
24、
Supply chain disruptions (e.g., terrorist attacks, natural disasters) have caused some supply chains to reassess their emphasis on inventory reduction.
答案: 正确
25、
Because customer needs and wants change relatively quickly, supply chains should be fast and lean.
答案: 错误
26、
With respect to supply chains, relevancy focuses on an organization’s ability to respond to changes in demand with respect to volume and variety.
答案: 错误
27、
A perfect order simultaneously achieves relevant customer metrics.
答案: 正确
28、
Leagility refers to a supply chain that combines the lean and agile paradigms.
答案: 正确
29、
Relational changes cannot be successful without information sharing among various participants.
答案: 正确
30、
Big-box retailers have been at the center of changes taking place that affect the supply chain.
答案: 错误
31、
A primary objective of supply chain management is to optimize the performance of the supply chain as a whole.
答案: 正确
32、
Tactical information sharing offers the best opportunity for improving supply chain performance.
答案: 错误
33、
A willingness to share information and buying decisions based on value rather than cost or price are two characteristics of supply chain partnerships.
答案: 正确
34、
The Internet has been referred to as the greatest force of commodization known to man, for both goods and services.
答案: 正确
35、
The decision to use third-party logistics companies can be driven by strategic or tactical considerations.
答案: 正确
36、
A fourth-party logistics provider is a supply chain facilitator that has achieved ISO 9000 certification.
答案: 错误
37、
Regulatory considerations represent a bigger obstacle than political considerations to supply chain management.
答案: 错误
38、
The overall global climate for business has shifted toward allowing more cooperation among firms—which should help supply chain management.
答案: 正确
39、
One cause of the bullwhip effect is asymmetrical information among supply chain participants.
答案: 正确
40、
An individual firm can only be involved in one supply chain at a time.
答案: 错误
Chapter4Procurement采购
TestforChapter4
1、
____ refers to the raw materials, component parts, and supplies bought from outside organizations to support a company’s operations.
答案: procurement
2、
Procurement costs often range between ____ of an organization’s revenues.
答案: 60-80%
3、
Procurement and ____ are viewed as synonymous terms.
答案: purchasing
4、
Which of the following is not a potential benefit associated with procurement cards (p-cards)?
答案: ability to use them in non-domestic market
5、
Which of the following is not a potential procurement objective?
答案: minimizing procurement costs
6、
A focus on satisfying internal customers is associated with which procurement objective?
答案: supporting operational requirements
7、
Buying the right products, at the right price, from the right source, at the right specifications, in the right quantity, for delivery at the right time to the right internal customer is associated with what procurement objective?
答案: supporting operational requirements
8、
With respect to the supplier selection and evaluation process, ____ looks at both the internal and external environment within which the supply decision is to be made.
答案: situation analysis
9、
What is the final step in the supplier selection and evaluation process?
答案: evaluate decision
10、
Multiple sourcing uses more than one supplier in hopes of increased competition, improved market intelligence, and ____.
答案: greater supply risk mitigation
11、
Single sourcing consolidates purchase volume with a single supplier in hopes of increasing cooperation and communication in the supply relationship as well as ____.
答案: lower costs per unit
12、
Kraljic’s Portfolio Matrix ____.
答案: is used by many managers to classify corporate purchases in terms of their importance and supply complexity
13、
A degree of aggressive procurement involvement not normally encountered in supplier selection refers to ____.
答案: supplier development
14、
Supplier development is synonymous with ____.
答案: reverse marketing
15、
What is the first step in a global sourcing development model?
答案: planning
16、
____ is often a major shortcoming to many global procurement plans.
答案: implementation
17、
What concept refers to when firms consider all the costs that can be assigned to the acquisition, use, and maintenance of a purchase?
答案: total cost of ownership
18、
Procuring products from suppliers close to one’s own facilities refers to ____.
答案: near-sourcing
19、
Which of the following is not a dimension associated with socially responsible procurement?
答案: profit
20、
With respect to gift giving and gift receiving, ____ refers to money paid before an exchange.
答案: a bribe
21、
With respect to gift giving and gift receiving, ____ refers to money paid after an exchange.
答案: a kickback
22、
____ identifies opportunities to recover revenues or reduce costs associated with scrap, surplus, obsolete, and waste materials.
答案: investment recovery
23、
____ materials refer to stock that exceeds the reasonable requirements of an organization.
答案: excess
24、
____ materials are no longer serviceable, have been discarded, or are a by-product of the production process.
答案: scrap
25、
____ materials have no economic value.
答案: waste
26、
Procurement refers to the raw materials, component parts, and supplies bought from outside organizations to support a company’s operations.
答案: 正确
27、
Procurement’s costs often range between 40 – 60% of an organization’s revenues.
答案: 错误
28、
A contemporary procurement manager might have responsibility for reducing cycle times and for generating additional revenues by collaborating with the marketing department.
答案: 正确
29、
First and foremost, procurement’s objectives must manage the purchasing process effectively and efficiently.
答案: 错误
30、
One of procurement’s most important responsibilities involves supplier selection and evaluation.
答案: 正确
31、
The first step in supplier selection and evaluation is situation analysis.
答案: 错误
32、
Trade shows, trade publications, and the Internet are sources that can be used to identify possible suppliers.
答案: 正确
33、
Supplier scorecards can involvement assessments of a supplier’s structure, resources, technology, health, and responsibility.
答案: 错误
34、
Bottleneck refers to the low importance, low complexity category of Kraljic’s Portfolio Matrix.
答案: 错误
35、
Leverage refers to the high importance, low complexity category of Kraljic’s Portfolio Matrix.
答案: 正确
36、
Supply management refers to a degree of aggressive procurement not normally encountered in supplier selection.
答案: 错误
37、
One reason for the growth of the supplier development concept is that achieving competitive advantage in the supply chain is predicated on purchasers adopting a more aggressive approach.
答案: 正确
38、
Global procurement refers to buying components and inputs anywhere in the world.
答案: 正确
39、
Global procurement is primarily driven by the input-output and market-access strategies.
答案: 错误
40、
Because global sourcing increases the distance that components and inputs must be moved, managers must consider the tradeoff between transportation and holding costs.
答案: 正确
41、
Sustainable procurement refers to the integration of social and environmental considerations into all stages of the purchasing process.
答案: 正确
42、
Diversity and philanthropy are two dimensions of socially responsible procurement.
答案: 正确
43、
The relevance, importance, and challenges associated with socially responsible procurement are likely to lessen in the coming years.
答案: 错误
44、
The ways that organizations manage the investment recovery for excess, obsolete, scrap, and waste materials should be influenced by the materials’ classification.
答案: 正确
45、
Obsolete materials have no economic value.
答案: 错误
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