学术阅读策略(武汉理工大学) 中国大学MOOC答案2024版100分完整版

句内关系阅读策略（线上） 测试一

1、 下列哪个词的含义是“强调”：

答案:  underscore

2、 下列哪个词的含义是“空前的”：

答案: unprecedented 

3、 下面哪个词的含义是“最高的”：

答案: uppermost 

4、 下面哪个词的意思是“空闲的”

答案: vacant 

5、 下面哪个词的意思是“变量”

答案:  variable

6、 下面哪个词的意思是“脊椎动物”

答案: vertebrate 

7、 By virtue of 的含义是：

答案: 由于，凭借 

8、 下面有一个单词和别的单词不是近义词，请选出：

答案: withstand 

9、 下面有一个单词和别的单词不是近义词，请选出：

答案: votile 

10、 The significance of the Magna Carta lies not in its ______ provisions，but in its broader impact: it made the king subject to the law.

答案: specific

11、 Unlike the oligosaccharins（寡聚糖素）, the five well-known plant hormones are pleiotropic rather than specific; that is, each has more than one effect on the growth and development of plants.请根据上下文猜一猜，pleiotropic的词义是什么？

答案: 多效性

12、 Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. 本句强调的部分在哪里？

答案: rather 后面

13、 While the delegate clearly sought to ______the optimism that has emerged recently, she stopped short of suggesting that the conference was near collapse and might produce nothing of significance.

答案: dampen

14、 In the early 1950’s, historians who studied pre-industrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers,to investigate more of the pre-industrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. ……One way out of this dilemma was to run to the records of legal courts, for here the voices of the non-elite can most often be heard, as witnesses, plaintiffs, and defendants. These documents have acted as “a point of entry into the mental world of the poor.” Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social group (these attitudes include,but are not confined to, attitudes toward crime and the law) and have revealed how the authorities administered justice. ……The extraction of case histories is not, however, the only use to which court records may be put. Historians who study pre-industrial Europe have used the records to establish a series or categories of crime and to quantify indictments that were issued over a given number of years. ……问题：The author suggests that, before the early 1950’s, most historians who studied pre-industrial Europe did which of the following?

答案: confined their work to a narrow range of the pre-industrial European population

15、 The use of heat pumps has been held back largely by skepticism about advertisers’ claims that heat pumps can provide as many as units of thermal energy for each unit of electrical energy used, thus apparently contradicting the principle of energy conservation. 问题：If the author’s assessment of the use of heat pumps is correct, which of the following best expresses the lesson that advertisers should learn from this case?______

答案: Do not use facts in your advertising that will strain the prospective client’s ability to believe.

句间关系阅读策略（线上） 测试二

1、 下面哪个词表示“称赞”

答案:  acclaim 

2、 下面哪个词的意思是“和谐”

答案:  concord 

3、 下面哪个词是“collect”的近义词：

答案: accumulate 

4、 下面哪个词是“blame”的近义词：

答案:  accuse 

5、 Adhesion 的意思是

答案:  粘连 

6、 Adolescence 的意思是

答案:  青春期 

7、 下面哪个词的意思是“负面的，不利的”

答案: Adverse 

8、 Aesthetics 试下面哪个意思

答案:  美学

9、 Afflict 对应下面哪个词的意思

答案:  torture 

10、 下面哪个词的意思是“聚合物”

答案:  aggregate 

11、 Analogy的意思是

答案: 类比 

12、 下面哪个词的意思和其他的不同

答案: offspring

13、 下面哪个词是与医学不相关的

答案:  anthropology 

14、 Appropriate 用作动词时的含义是

答案:  占用 

15、 下面表示“任意的”词是：

答案: arbitrary

16、 ❶Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. ❷It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one’s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.❶Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. ❷The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. ❸The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. ❹Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. ❺The old questions “What happened?” and “How did it happen?” have given way to the question “Why did it happen?” ❻Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why” is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.❶Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. ❷Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. ❸But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend. ❹They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. ❺This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. ❻Psychohistory derives its “facts” not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. ❼It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. ❽And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. ❾Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the “deepest” explanation of any event, and that other explanations fall short of the truth.❶Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. ❷It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. ❸It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. ❹Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.1. Which of the following best states the main point of the passage?

答案: The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.

17、 It can be inferred from the passage that one way in which traditional history can be distinguished from psychohistory is that traditional history usually

答案: views past events as complex and having their own individuality

18、 It can be inferred from the passage that the methods used by psychohistorians probably prevent them from

答案: uncovering alternative explanations that might cause them to question their own conclusions

19、 The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?

答案: What is the basic criterion of historical evidence required by traditional historians?

20、 The author mentions which of the following as a characteristic of the practice of psychohistorians?

答案: Past and current events are all placed within the same deterministic schema.

21、 The author of the passage suggests that psychohistorians view history primarily as

答案: a record of the way in which a closed set of immutable psychological laws seems to have shaped events 

22、 The author of the passage puts the word “deepest” (in the highlighted portion) in quotation marks most probably in order to

答案: signal her reservations about the accuracy of psychohistorians’ claims for their work

23、 In presenting her analysis, the author does all of the following EXCEPT:

答案: Point out inconsistencies in the psychohistorians’ application of their methods.

24、 ❶It has been known for many decades that the appearance of sunspots is roughly periodic, with an average cycle of eleven years. ❷Moreover, the incidence of solar flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radiation, and x-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot cycle. ❸ But after more than a century of investigation, the relation of these and other phenomena, known collectively as the solar-activity cycle, to terrestrial weather and climate remains unclear. ❹For example, the sunspot cycle and the allied magnetic-polarity cycle have been linked to periodicities discerned in records of such variables as rainfall, temperature, and winds. ❺Invariably, however, the relation is weak, and commonly of dubious statistical significance.❶Effects of solar variability over longer terms have also been sought. ❷The absence of recorded sunspot activity in the notes kept by European observers in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries has led some scholars to postulate a brief cessation of sunspot activity at that time (a period called the Maunder minimum). ❸The Maunder minimum has been linked to a span of unusual cold in Europe extending from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth centuries. ❹The reality of the Maunder minimum has yet to be established, however, especially since the records that Chinese naked-eye observers of solar activity made at that time appear to contradict it. ❺Scientists have also sought evidence of long-term solar periodicities by examining indirect climatological data, such as fossil records of the thickness of ancient tree rings. ❻These studies, however, failed to link unequivocally terrestrial climate and the solar-activity cycle, or even to confirm the cycle’s past existence.❶If consistent and reliable geological or archaeological evidence tracing the solar-activity cycle in the distant past could be found, it might also resolve an important issue in solar physics: how to model solar activity. ❷Currently, there are two models of solar activity. ❸The first supposes that the Sun’s internal motions (caused by rotation and convection) interact with its large-scale magnetic field to produce a dynamo, a device in which mechanical energy is converted into the energy of a magnetic field. ❹In short, the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field is taken to be self-sustaining, so that the solar-activity cycle it drives would be maintained with little overall change for perhaps billions of years. ❺The alternative explanation supposes that the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field is a remnant of the field the Sun acquired when it formed, and is not sustained against decay. ❻In this model, the solar mechanism dependent on the Sun’s magnetic field runs down more quickly. ❼Thus, the characteristics of the solar-activity cycle could be expected to change over a long period of time. ❽Modern solar observations span too short a time to reveal whether present cyclical solar activity is a long-lived feature of the Sun, or merely a transient phenomenon.The author focuses primarily on

答案: discussing the difficulties involved in linking terrestrial phenomena with solar activity and indicating how resolving that issue could have an impact on our understanding of solar physics

25、 Which of the following statements about the two models of solar activity, as they are described in the third paragraph is accurate?

答案: In both models the solar-activity cycle is hypothesized as being dependent on the large-scale solar magnetic field.

26、 According to the passage, late seventeenth and early eighteenth-century Chinese records are important for which of the following reasons?

答案: They suggest that the data on which the Maunder minimum was predicated were incorrect.

注意：只有测试一，二，三，四章节测验答案