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【作业】1. Writing Scientific and Technical Papers Unit 1 Characteristics of a Good Research Paper Titl
1、 问题:Experimental parametric study of membrane distillation unit using solar energy
评分规则: 【 membrane distillation
solar energy
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2、 问题:A Critical Review for Developing Accurate and Dynamic Predictive Models Using Machine Learning Methods in Medicine and Health Care
评分规则: 【 Machine learning
Medicine and health care
Predictive model
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3、 问题:Thermodynamic analysis of a solid oxide fuel cell jet hybrid engine for long-endurance unmanned air vehicles
评分规则: 【 Thermodynamics
unmanned air vehicles
engine
Solid oxide fuel cell
】
【作业】1. Writing Scientific and Technical Papers Unit 1 Characteristics of a Good Research Paper Title
1、 问题:Building customers’ trust in the ridesharing platform with institutional mechanisms: An empirical study in China
评分规则: 【 An empirical study
in China
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2、 问题:Economic and environmental impacts of providing renewable energy for electric vehicle charging – A choice experiment study
评分规则: 【 A choice experiment study
】
3、 问题:Rethinking Liability and Licensing for Doctors in the Era of AI: Insights from Company Law
评分规则: 【 Insights from Company Law
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4、 问题:A Comparative study of different functionalized graphene-nanoplatelet aqueous nanofluids for solar energy applications
评分规则: 【 A Comparative study
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【作业】2. Giving Definitions Unit 2 Definition Homework
1、 问题:Find a definition of a technical term in your own field of study and specify what the way of giving definition is in the example you find.
评分规则: 【 给出下定义的句子。
正确指出下定义使用的方法。
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【作业】3. Describing Figures and Tables Unit 3 Captions for Charts and Tables Homework
1、 问题:
评分规则: 【 表题：Power source and type of vehicles关键词power source/energy source 和 vehicle 每词1分
】
2、 问题:
评分规则: 【 图题：Science and Technology Employment: 1950-2000Science and Technology Employment 1分1950-2000 1分
】
3、 问题:
评分规则: 【 图题: Degree and Occupational Employmentdegree 1分 employment 1 分
】
4、 问题:
评分规则: 【 图题：Hydro-electric energy generationHydro-electric 1分， energy generation 1分
】
【作业】4. Using citations Unit 4 Citation Homework
1、 问题:Find a citation in a technical paper you have read and the reference listed at the end giving details of the citation. Explain the way the author cited others’ research in the example.
评分规则: 【 能够列出所读论文中的一个引用并列出相应参考文献，并能分析作者引用方法。
】
【作业】5. Describing Processes and Procedures Unit 5 Process Homework
1、 问题:1) Milling is carried out on a machine tool called a “milling machine” that is used for the shaping of metal and other solid materials. 2) Casting is a manufacturing process by which a liquid material is poured into a mold containing a cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. 3) Stamping is a metal working process in which sheet metal is formed into a desired shape by pressing or punching it on a machine press. 4) With current technology, the most effective method of CO ₂ capture from the flue gas of a PC plant is by chemical reaction with an organic solvent such as monoethanolamine (MEA), one of a family of amine compounds. In a vessel called an absorber, the flue gas is “scrubbed” with an amine solution, typically capturing 85% to 90% of the CO ₂. The CO ₂ -laden solvent is then pumped to a second vessel, called a regenerator, where heat is applied (in the form of steam) to release the CO ₂. The resulting stream of concentrated CO ₂ is then compressed and piped to a storage site, while the depleted solvent is recycled back to the absorber.
评分规则: 【 1) Input: metal and other solid materials Tool: milling machineOperation: milling/cuttingOutput: particular shapes/shaping of the input
2) Input: liquid materialTool: moldOperation: pour and solidifyOutput: desired shape of the input
3) Input: sheet metalTool: machine pressOperation: press and punchOutput: desired shape of the input
4) Input: flue gasTool: absorber with amine solution, regenerator, storage siteOperation: scrub, pump, heat, compress and pipeOutput: stream of concentrated CO ₂
】
【作业】6. Using Hedges Unit 6 Hedging Homework
1、 问题:Reformulate the following text, using the hedges below. The hedges have been ordered in the same order as they should appear in the text. estimate, probably, if not…; likely, experts claim, presumably, may, most probably, apparently In Germany, the number of job openings for engineers will continue to grow rapidly in the next few years. The gap between the number of such positions and the number of engineers available will widen. This problem must be addressed soon; otherwise, the German economy will stagnate. There are several reasons for this shortage. One of them is the declining population due to the lowest birth rate in Europe. Another is the rising demand for transportation and energy technology. The demand for engineers will increase as we move towards an all-electric society. More companies will simply need more engines. (Based on information from IEEE Spectrum, September 2011, p. 15)
评分规则: 【 In Germany, the number of job openings for engineers is estimated to continue to grow rapidly in the next few years. The gap between the number of such positions and the number of engineers available will probably widen. If this problem is not addressed soon, the German economy is likely to stagnate. Experts claim that there are several reasons for this shortage. One of them, presumably, is the declining population due to the lowest birth rate in Europe. Another may be the rising demand for transportation and energy technology. The demand for engineers will most probably increase as we move towards an all-electric society. Apparently, more companies will need more engines.每个句子写对得1分
】
【作业】7. Explaining Laws-Principles Unit 7 Laws-Principles homework
1、 问题:Rockets could be used to illustrate the principle of action and reaction as mentioned in the lecturing video. Please write another example to explain it.
评分规则: 【 可以用适当的例子解释作用力和反作用力的工作原理，语言通顺正确。
】
【作业】8. Writing Proposals & Reports Unit 8 Proposals & Reports Homework
1、 问题:What are the structural components of a proposal?
评分规则: 【 Title
Author(s)
Summary(abstract)
Objectives
Methods
Expected results
Management plan
References
】
2、 问题:1. What section should the following information belong to in the report?a. Why was the research done b. How was it done c. What were the findings of the research d. What do the findings show or indicate e. What can be learnt from the research
评分规则: 【 a. introduction
b. method
c. results
d. discussion
e. conclusion and recommendations
】
3、 问题: What are the structural components of a research report?
评分规则: 【 Title
Author(s)
Summary(abstract)
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion and recommendations
References
】
【作业】9. Writing Literature Reviews & Research Papers Unit 9 Research Papers Homework
1、 问题:What are the four necessary components of a research paper?
评分规则: 【 1. research questions2. original ideas3. background information and facts4. supportive research 每项5分
】
2、 问题:What are the differences between a research paper and a report?
评分规则: 【 The differences should be illustrated from four perspectives: writing purpose (convincing/informative), base (question-based/topic-based), the function of information (to support position/ to be summarized) and outcome (unique perspective and conclusion/not necessarily to result in new knowledge) 每个不同之处五分
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【作业】10. Writing an Introduction Unit 10 Introduction Homework
1、 问题:1. Put each of the following sentences in the proper place of the Introduction. A. The photovoltaic (PV) harvesting circuits proposed for WSN applications adopt different solutions.B. The development of perpetually powered systems avoiding periodical battery replacement and/or recharge is one of the ultimate goals in sensor network design.C. Unfortunately, they do not use circuit simulations to optimize system design and to improve harvester circuit efficiency.D. This paper is organized as follows.E. Therefore, the validation of an accurate compact model of the nonlinear I–V characteristics of PV modules is essential to design efficient photo-voltaic harvester systems. I. INTRODUCTION (1)_____. Indeed, even if advances in low-power design can help extend the battery lifetime, the amount of energy provided by storage devices still constrains the autonomy of distributed embedded systems, such as wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are very common in the world of large-scale solar cells. The extra energy that is consumed by the maximum power point (MPP) tracker is easily offset by the much higher amount of energy that can be harvested from the environment. Sensor nodes are often required to be small, and therefore, they are powered by small solar cells that generate limited energy. For those cells, the gain in input energy is not always higher than the additional losses that are caused by the MPP tracking operation. The energy consumption and efficiency of the MPP tracker are, therefore, very important design criteria in energy scavengers for sensor nodes. The optimization of the energy harvesting process under varying light irradiance conditions is certainly one of the major design challenges. In particular, maximizing harvester circuit efficiency becomes fundamental at low light irradiance. (2)_____ [1]–[5]. In [1] and [2], the direct connection between the PV panel and the energy storage element, i.e., a supercapacitor (SC), does not implement MPPT strategies, forcing the PV operating point to the SC voltage VSC. On the contrary, the Everlast harvester system exploits a microcontroller to track MPP under varying light conditions [5]. (3)______. The definition of a clear design flow is fundamental to develop circuit solutions with optimized efficiency and better performances. This requires circuit simulations of the complete solar harvester system, which have been proposed for largescale PV systems [6]–[8], [16]–[18], but are also highly desirable for low-power harvester circuits for WSNs. To obtain representative simulations, accurate models should be developed. (4)_____. In this scenario, this paper presents a compact model for the PV module, allowing to reproduce its I–V characteristics without numerical approaches typically adopted [9]–[11]. This permits to improve the design process of the dc–dc converter at the solar harvester input stage, typically required to match the PV module input impedance and according to SC voltage limits. Simplified models of the dc–dc converter and MPPT analog circuits are fundamental to improve system performances and to reduce the system design time. Using the models and the methodology described in this paper, we optimize a solar harvester operating under different light irradiance conditions. (5)_________. Section II provides a brief overview on the circuit architecture and MPPT technique adopted. Sections III and IV describe models of the PV module and the harvester circuit, respectively. Section V describes the circuit optimization methodology and provides some useful guidelines for solar harvester design. Section VI presents experimental results and a comparison between two different solar harvester circuit implementations designed following the proposed guidelines. Finally, Section VII concludes this paper.
评分规则: 【 (1) B
(2)A
(3) C
(4) E
(5) D
】
2、 问题:1. Rearrange the order of the following paragraphs to make a coherent and logical research article introduction. A. The current study aims to find the optimal design parameters of RDM when high optical efficiency and stable irradiance distribution are both achieved for effective PV layout design. To reach this target, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm combined with dynamic source-target mapping was adopted to find suitable aiming vectors of modular reflectors. The optical transmission characteristics were investigated under different incident degrees using a two-step MonteCarlo ray tracing (MCRT) method. Afterwards the optimized results and sensitivity analysis for RDM would be undertook. This article will provide basic data and reference for engineering constructions of SPSALPHA in next step.B. Global warming is now almost universally accepted as a serious problem caused by human activity – mainly burning fossil fuels – that demands strong remedial action as soon as possible. Solar energy is among the most competitive alternative resource to change the status (Zhang et al., 2013). Solar tower has been recognized as the most widespread and typical solar power station (Franchini et al., 2013). However, it faces limitation because of low energy density on ground and output fluctuation in the day/night and weather conditions. Solar power satellite (SPS) can collect the solar radiation and convert to the electricity in space and then transmit it to the earth by microwave energy (Mankins, 2012). Potential advantages of collecting solar energy in space include a higher collection rate and a longer collection period due to the lack of a diffusing atmosphere, and the possibility of placing a solar collector in an orbiting location where there is no night (Mankins, 2017). The solar irradiance in space reaches as high as 1353 W/m2 . In addition, the receiving station on ground would be flexibly arranged according to the real-time requirements.C. The transmission of concentrated solar radiation as the key link that bonds the connections for integrated multi-field optimizations, provides an important reference for the layout design of receiving CPV modules. Optical transmission of SPS-ALPHA is similar with Solar Tower, for which thousands of RDM are corresponding to heliostats. The differences, however, lie in the blocking shadow effect and cosine effect of ray path in SPS-ALPHA that make the optical efficiency fluctuate with tracking angles. D. With the fast efficiency improvement and cost reduction of solar cells (Green et al., 2018), Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV) has become particularly pertinent for SPS which is cheaper, lighter and simpler compared with solar thermodynamic using large thermal engine. Several SPS concepts based on CPV design had been proposed before, famous ones including Integrated Symmetrical Concentrator (Feingold and Carrington, 2003), Abacus Reflector configuration (Mankins, 1997), Sun Tower (Mankins, 1997), Symmetrical Two-stage Flat Reflected Concentrator (Meng et al., 2013), JAXA Reference System (Moriet al., 2006), and the new emerging SPS-OMEGA (Yang et al., 2016), CASSIOPeiA (Cash, 2019), etc … E. A novel CPV concept, SPS-ALPHA, is to form an exceptionally large space platform from an extremely large number of small, high modular elements, where only a small number of types of modules are used. As can be seen in Fig. 1, SPS-ALPHA adopts axisymmetric sigmoid curvebased or cocktail shape as the entire structure (Mankins, 2017) formed by several thousands of “Reflectors and Deployment Modules” (Mankins, 2012) (RDM), which are large, light (lower than 100–300 kg) and thin-film hexagon reflectors jointed by six triangular modules. The modular reflecting elements are in combined in various ways to comprise a number of functional assemblies. Modular “Push-Me/Pull-You”Robot (MPPR) arms are flexibly control the aiming vectors of modular reflectors. After the vector adjustments, the original design, as Fig. 1 shows, is changed into unsmooth surface based on a cocktail glass structure, which will be introduced later in this article. 1._ 2._ 3.___ 4.＿＿＿ ５．＿＿＿
评分规则: 【 1. B
2. D
3. E
4. C
5. A
】
【作业】11．Writing a Materials and Methods Section Unit 11 Materials and Methods Homework
1、 问题:List five key elements supposedly included in a Materials and Methods section.
评分规则: 【 Object, other variables, treatment for the object, data collecting and data analyzing. 每个2分，共10分
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【作业】12. Writing a Results Section Unit 12 Results Homework
1、 问题:Read and compare these excerpts from the results sections of two biology reports written about the same experiment. Which do you think is the better example of a properly written results section? And why?
评分规则: 【 回答A是好的范例得五分，正确的详细解释得五分。Example A is an example from a well written results section; it uses relevant material and focuses on the results and not the Figures.Example B is an example from a poorly written results section. It includes material which does not belong to the results section such as interpretation and discussion; it focuses on the Figures representing the results, rather than the results themselves and it does not introduce and refer to the Figures correctly.
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【作业】13. Writing a Discussion Unit 13 Discussion Homework
1、 问题:Rearrange the order of the following paragraphs to make a coherent and effective discussion section.DiscussionA. The strength of the present analysis is the use of valid and reliable psychometric measurements for data collection, especially the measurement of anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the large sample size and the recruitment from a general population in selected urban areas strengthen the analysis. Additionally, SES was available comprehensively from all participants, with only a few missing values. B. The analysis is limited, however, because of pooling information from two temporally different surveys. Socioeconomic characteristics were collected from Phase 1 and all other data were taken from Phase 2, conducted 2 years later from the same participants. SES was not resampled in Phase 2 because the data were already available and it is assumed that SES is stable over 2 years. Therefore, we do not think that hereby, the results were influenced strongly. Additionally, the QUEBEB study was not designed for the present analysis and therefore other sleep-influencing characteristics, such as noise exposure, individual physical activity, nutrition or substance abuse, were not included. Finally, mainly urban populations were selected. Therefore, the results focus on urban populations but, nevertheless, allow an interpretation of sleep quality and its dependencies in general.C. The present analysis examined the association of SES with sleep quality adjusted for a wide range of socio-demographical, physical and psychological characteristics among a sample of German adults living in urban areas. The regression analysis demonstrated that higher SES predicted good sleep quality. Other previous studies that have found higher socioeconomic factors to be associated with better sleep quality support the presented research. In addition, Soltani et al. and Mezick et al. showed associations between low socioeconomic factors and high PSQI scores (i.e. low sleep quality). D. A strong association between mental health and sleep is also reported by several studies; an association between insomnia symptoms and poor mental health was observed in a Japanese study. Another analysis showed that 77% of study participants with current depression and 45% of participants with a history of depression reported poor sleep quality on the PSQI in comparison with 15% of control subjects. This result explains the overlapping effect of sleep quality and anxiety/depression. In contrast, a study of twins and siblings reported that the correlations between sleep problems measured by the PSQI and symptoms of anxiety and depression were only moderate and that other factors took a more important role. E. The association in the present analysis persisted but attenuated after adjusting for other factors, especially for mental and health status. The adjusted OR for SES on sleep quality decreases, if named factors were included in the binary logistic regression model. The strongest confounding effect is caused by anxiety and depression as additional variables in the regression model: anxiety and depression, as well as physical diseases, are more frequent in persons with a low SES than in those with a medium or high SES. Simple and multiple regression analyses showed a partial mediating effect for anxiety and depression in the relationship between SES and sleep quality. Therefore, mental disturbances, but also health status, are important factors in explaining sleep quality. F. Regarding physical health, poor sleep efficiency increases and longer sleep latency even almost doubles the risk of mortality in healthy elders. Similarly, Furihata et al. found an association between poor sleep quality and physical health. Furthermore, with increasing comorbidities, sleep quality decreases and the presence of depression rises. G. In addition, the logistic regression identified further determinants affecting sleep. According to the literature, a lower age and the male gender were factors associated with good sleep quality. We could also show that married people and people living in more suburban areas have better sleep quality than single or widowed persons or persons living in urban areas. H. For measuring SES, the Winkler Index was chosen. The index takes into account the different school graduations of the former Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic. It is also aimed at addressing the complexity of the training system and all relevant German occupational titles. The formation of an index is constituted by the complexity and multidimensionality of social inequality structure, which is represented inadequately by single indicators. 1._ 2._ 3. _ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7. _ 8._
评分规则: 【 1.C
2. E
3. D
4. F
5. G
6. H
7. A
8. B
】
【作业】14. Writing a Conclusion Unit 14 Conclusion Homework
1、 问题:Please rearrange the order of the sentences in the conclusion. Three of them have already been done for you. The Relationships of Meteorological Factors and Nutrient Levels with Phytoplankton Biomass in a Shallow Eutrophic Lake Dominated by Cyanobacteria, Lake Dianchi from 1991 to 2013 A. The SHs, WS, and TP concentrations controlled the bloom dynamics during the dry season, among which the TP concentration was the most important factors, whereas the TN and TP concentrations were the primary factors during the rainy season.B. Interannual analysis revealed that the phytoplankton biomass increased with increases in air temperature and TP concentration, with TP concentration as the main contributing factor. C. The results of our study demonstrated that both meteorological factors and nutrient levels had important roles in controlling cyanobacterial bloom dynamics.D. All of these results suggest that both climate change regulation and eutrophication management should be considered in strategies aimed at controlling cyanobacterial blooms.E. In summary, we analyzed the effects of meteorological factors and nutrient levels on bloom dynamics in Lake Dianchi to represent the phytoplankton biomass.F. Further studies should assess the effects of climate change and eutrophication on cyanobacterial bloom dynamics based on data collected over a longer duration and more frequent and complete variables, and appropriate measures should be proposed to control these blooms.G. Decreasing nutrient levels, particularly the TP load should be initially considered during the entire period and during the dry season, and decreasing both the TN and TP loads should be considered during the rainy season. H. However, the relative importance of these factors may change according to precipitation patterns. 1.2. B3.A4.G5.
评分规则: 【 每空一分，共五分。
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