2021秋 科技英文写作（顾晓乐）(哈尔滨工业大学) 中国大学MOOC答案2024版100分完整版

3. Sentence construction of Research Articles 期刊论文的造句 第三单元测验

1、 Fill in the blank with the most appropriate choice.The professor’s refusal of a deadline ____ caused student annoyance.

答案: extension

2、 Fill in the blank with the most appropriate choice. A _____ of the two computers showed that Model B has a better quality.

答案: comparison

3、 Fill in the blank with the most appropriate choice. The ____ of electronic computer lies in its great speed and accuracy in calculation.

答案: effectiveness

4、 Which of the four choices can substitute the underlined clause in the following sentence?Theorists who adopt the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for understanding human behavior.

答案: adopting the psychodynamic approach

5、 Which of the four choices can substitute the underlined clause in the following sentence?Methane unites with oxygen so that carbon dioxide and water are yielded.

答案: to yield carbon dioxide and water

6、 Which of the four choices can substitute the underlined clause in the following sentence?The UK climate has been warming, and especially the annual average temperature of the central England has increased by about 1 C over the last century.

答案: with the central England annual average temperature increasing by about 1 C over the last century

7、 Which of the four choices can substitute the underlined clause in the following sentence?If organisms did not reproduce, life would quickly come to an end.

答案: Without reproduction

8、 Which of the four choices can substitute the underlined clause in the following sentence?In this work, our objective was to improve the carbon fiber performance significantly by utilizing very high molecular weight polymer so that high quality precursors can be produced.

答案: to produce high quality precursors

9、 Compared with active voice(主动语态),which of the following statements is not a typical feature of passive voice (被动语态)?

答案: More concise

10、 Fill in the blank with the most appropriate form of the word.The study ____ at the beginning of the semester and the final one was given at the end of the semester.

答案: was conducted

4. Textual Construction of Research Articles 期刊论文的谋篇布局 第四单元测验

1、 The following sentences are from one paragraph. Decide which one is the topic sentence of the paragraph?1) In time, this melted part rises as a magma.2) The formation of a volcanic eruption is a dramatic series of events.3) As the plate sinks, friction and the earth’s heat cause part of it to melt.4) The magma produces heat, steam, and pressure.5) First of all, most volcanoes are formed where two plates collide.6) Then one of the plates is forced under the other and sinks.7) When the heat, steam, and pressure from the magma finally reach the of the Earth, volcanic eruption occurs.

答案: 2

2、 The underlined part is __ of the following sentence.    The average American teenager consumes enormous quantities of junk food.

答案: the controlling idea

3、 The underlined sentence is __ of the following paragraph.Gold, a precious metal, is prized for two important characteristics. First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins, and ornamental purposes. Gold never needs to be polished and will remain beautiful forever. For example, Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was minted twenty-three centuries ago. Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to industry and science. For many years, it has been used in hundreds of industrial applications. The most recent use of gold is in astronauts’ suits. Astronauts wear gold-plated heat shields for protection outside spaceships. In conclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty but also for its utility.

答案: the major supporting sentence

4、  In the following paragraph, which sentence is irrelevant to the topic sentence? 1) Adventure travel is the hot trend in the tourism industry. 2) Ordinary people are no longer content to spend their two weeks away from the office resting on a sunny beach in Hawaii. 3) More and more often, they are choosing to spend their vacations rafting down wild rivers, hiking through steamy rain forests, climbing the world’s highest mountains, or traversing slippery glaciers. 4) People of all ages are choosing educational study tours for their vacations.

答案: 4

5、 Fill in the blank with the right word. The same article said that the causes of inflation were easy to find; ______, the cure for inflation was not so easy to prescribe. 

答案: however

6、 A recent article in Era magazine suggested ways to reduce inflation. The article suggested that the president reduce the federal budget; __ it suggested that the government reduce federal state, and local taxes.

答案: furthermore

7、 Tsunami is a tidal wave produced by an earthquake on the ocean floor. The waves are very long and low in open water, but when they get close to land, they encounter friction because the water is shallow ______ the waves increase in height and can cause considerable damage when they finally reach land. 

答案: as a result

8、 What is the logical order of the following paragraph?The cloning of Dolly involved several steps. First, cells that had previously been taken from Dolly’s mother were starved for five days, which caused them to stop dividing. This interruption of the cells’ division cycle made it easier for them to reprogram themselves to start growing a new organism. After five days, the nuclei of these cells were removed and transferred into an unfertilized sheep egg, from which the natural nucleus had previously been removed. In the next step, the egg was grown in the laboratory for a period of time. Then the egg was implanted into a different sheep, where it grew normally. When the sheep finally gave birth, the lamb was an exact genetic copy, or clone, of the sheep that had provided the transferred nucleus, not of the sheep that had provided the egg.

答案: Chronological order

9、 What is the logical order of the following paragraph?There are some differences, however. Whereas you will find more PCs in business offices, you will find more Macs in classrooms. Although Macs are the computers of choice of people who do a lot of art and graphic design in their work, PCs seem to be the choice of people who do a lot of “number crunching”. Finally, there is a difference in the availability of software, vendors, and service for the two computers. In general, there is a lot of PC-compatible software, but relatively little Mac software. Furthermore, for a Mac, you must purchase your machine and get service from Macintosh-authorized dealer, whereas many different computer stores sell and service PCs.

答案: Comparison and contrast

10、 What is the logical order of the following paragraph?Figure 1 also shows that, in spite of the extensive loss of species, the number of species began to rise again and biodiversity began to return. At the start of May 2002, the number of different species in the soil had increased to nearly 15,000.

答案: Deductive method

5. How to Write Abstracts 如何撰写摘要部分 第五单元测验

1、 Which is the typical rhetorical structure of the abstract of a research paper?ConclusionsResearch methodsResearch motivationResearch purpose/contentResults

答案: cdbea

2、 What feature of the abstract of a research paper can we infer from the sentence?“An abstract should be written in plain English and is understandable to a wider audience, as well as to your discipline-specific audience.”

答案: Professional & intelligible

3、 What feature of the abstract of a research paper can we infer from the sentence?“An abstract should choose the exact words needed to convey precise meaning to the reader.”

答案: Accurate

4、 Fill in the blank with the most appropriate choice. The experimental investigation ____ that the addition of these fibers reduces the thermal conductivity of the composite specimen and yield a lightweight.

答案: reveals

5、  Fill in the blank with the most appropriate choice. The results of this study indicate that advanced composite structures used in payload fairings _____ promising opportunities for cost reduction.

答案: offer

6、 The following sentences a-e are taken from the abstract of a research article. The first and the last sentences are given, but the rest sentences are in a scrambled order. Put them in the correct order. During the last 10 years, use of the World-Wide-Web for educational purposes has increased dramatically. a. However, very little empirical research has been carried out to determine the effectiveness of this use. b. Results of the assessment showed significant differences between the two groups, the group that used the on-line web-site performing much better on all aspects of the test. c. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effectiveness of using the World-Wide-Web on an EAP writing course. d. The two groups were assessed in the same way after a twelve-week period of instruction. e. Two groups of students were taught writing by two different methods: one group was taught by a teacher in a traditional classroom, while a second group included use of an on-line web-site in their course. This suggests that the use of computer assisted learning programmes for at least some of the teaching time available can be recommended for EAP writing courses.

答案: acedb

7、 The following sentences a-f are taken from the abstract of a research article, but they are in a scrambled order. Put them in the correct order. a) The participants were 30 volunteer students, 15 male and 15 female who have recently graduated from the Biology Department of Red Tree University. b) The participants were asked what influence biology education has on their attitudes regarding world peace and humanity. c) The results indicated that biology education has some positive impacts on attitudes of the students regarding humanity and world peace. d) The responses of the participants indicated that, at the end of four year biology education, they have more self- awareness and have greater capacity to love human beings and all the living creatures. e) The aim of this study was to examine whether biology education has any impacts on attitudes in terms of humanity and world peace.  f) In addition, they reported they had the feeling that they could contribute to the world peace. g) Biology has always been a beneficial discipline for the human beings.

答案: geabdfc

8、 Fill in the blank with the most appropriate choice.Apart from saving energy consumption for the building, the proposed materials offer a(n) ____ option to dispose waste of fruit industry.

答案: alternative