中西文化对比与交流(滁州学院)
1. A Brief Introduction to Culture 文化概述 第一章测试
1、 In the 18th century, some famous French scholars such as Voltaire began to use the word in a sense closer to its complete definition. They thought it referred to “ __ ”.
答案: training and cultivating mind or thought, an interesting result or state
2、 In western languages, the word “civilization” appeared with the rise of _ .
答案: urban culture
3、 The third often-talked metaphor is that culture is like an onion. The inner nucleus level are , beliefs, worldview.
答案: values
4、 “Wenming” (civilization) in Chinese first appeared in and the Book of Changes.
答案: the Book of Documents
5、 According to the ideal definition given by Raymond Henry Williams, culture is
答案: a state or process of human improvement
6、 The first person who summarized the human cultural phenomenon in the sense of cultural anthropology is the British scholar .
答案: Edward Tylor
7、 1) In 1960s, Raymond Henry Williams claimed, in an article named “Cultural Analysis”, that culture had three concepts. They are:_
答案: ideal definition;
documentary definition;
social definition
8、 4) The British scholar Edward Tylor clearly stated in the book “Primitive Culture” (1871): “Culture or civilization, in its extensive ethnological sense, is a complex whole that includes __ , laws, customs, and the abilities and habits that anyone acquires as a member of society.”
答案: knowledge;
beliefs;
art;
morals
9、 Cultural values are transferred across generations in the form of and that make them easier to understand.
答案: symbols;
stories
10、 Some historical philosophers attach great importance to the historical inheritance of culture and understand culture as a traditional form of or .
答案: social behavior;
social heritage
11、 Which of the following are metaphors given by culture researchers about what culture is?
答案: Culture to human is what water to fish.;
Culture is like an iceberg.;
Culture is the software of our mind.;
Culture is the rules of a game.
12、 In Chinese, the phrase “wenhua”(culture) was first used as a verb, meaning “to educate somebody with morality”.
答案: 正确
13、 In western literature, the word “civilization” appeared with the rise of urban culture.
答案: 错误
14、 Our cultural values, and our system of behavior dictates our thinking and beliefs.
答案: 错误
15、 Traveling is the best way to learn about other cultures. Firsthand experience is most definitive way to gain knowledge and experience.
答案: 正确
16、 Culture is a collective phenomenon, and cannot exist in isolation.
答案: 正确
17、 Learning language is one of the best ways to get to know a culture.
答案: 正确
18、 According to the metaphor”Culture is like an iceburg”, only a small part of it is invisible, but a large part of which is above the surface and are tangible.
答案: 错误
19、 Culture is essential to make us feel a part of a group and give us the guiding principles of life.
答案: 正确
20、 Culture is larned and transmitted across generations.
答案: 正确
2. Origin of Chinese and Western Civilization中西文化探源 第二章测试
1、 The interaction and bilateral influence of the agricultural society and ____ promoted the development of Chinese culture.
答案: the nomadic society
2、 ____ taught people to breed silkworms.
答案: Leizu（嫘祖）
3、 The humid climate, the abundant rainfall and ______ provide a very good natural condition for the growth of various plants and the development of farming civilization.
答案: the sufficient heat resources
4、 The ancient Greek trade extended to East Africa, Arabia, Central Asia and India, and began to have business contacts with more distant places such as ____.
答案: China
5、 Before the liberation, elders in a clan could do the following but NOT ____.
答案: treat everyone equally
6、 The agricultural economy formed an inward-looking culture, that is _____.
答案: conservative;
peaceful;
unambitious;
modest
7、 Besides marital relations and breeding offspring, an extended family functions as the social unit of inheritance, __.
答案: marriage;
production;
management;
consumption
8、 In Hegel’s “Historical Philosophy”, the main geographical factors that affect culture are summarized into___.
答案: dry highlands and vast grasslands;
plain river basins;
the coastal area
9、 Chinese culture is located ____ from the north to the south.
答案: in the eastern part of Eurasia;
on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean;
across the tropical and temperate zones
10、 The ancient Chinese emperors often __.
答案: praised the princes and heroes for picking up land;
granted them the fields and subjects;
made them the lords of land and serfs
11、 China’s topology is a stepped distribution of east highland and west lowland.
答案: 错误
12、 In ancient China, the vast and endless Pacific Ocean only meant the end of the land, the natural limit for the ancient Chinese.
答案: 正确
13、 Planting-based agriculture has been the main pillar of the economic life of the ancient Chinese nation.
答案: 正确
14、 An kinship network included four tribes of marriage and nine generations of blood.
答案: 错误
15、 The vast territory in China maintained the continuity and integrity of Chinese culture even after invasion wars.
答案: 正确
16、 The land-sealed Mediterranean sea, with the shallow export channel, the small tides, the calm sea surface, is very deep, the salt content is particularly low, and the coastal currents are formed deep under the water surface.
答案: 错误
17、 Some of the basic words in Oracle in ancient China that involve the national economy and people’s livelihood were closely related to agricultural activities.
答案: 正确
18、 The residents of Crete and the Cycladic Islands, the birthplace of European civilization, grew barley, wheat, soybeans, peas, fruit trees and cash crops such as olives, grapes and citrus, and bronze, and painted pottery were widely used.
答案: 正确
19、 In ancient Greece, most of the city-state’s economy was focused on business and industry.
答案: 正确
20、 Solon divided the citizens into four grades and the fourth rank could not hold the public official positions, but could speak and vote at the citizen assembly, and have the right to participate in the jury.
答案: 正确
3. Political and Life Philosophy 中西政治传统与处世哲学 第三章测试
1、 What concept has been widely accepted by Chinese people and applied in current Chinese political system as a basic state policy?
答案: Rule of law.
2、 In the past dynasties, what did the government prefer to rule the country?
答案: the civilized ruling
3、 What is agreed by King John of England in 1215and laid a foundation of rule of constitution?
答案: the Magna Carta
4、 Who gave the principle of rule of law theoretical foundations in Lex, Rex, ( Latin for “the law is king”) in 1644?
答案: Samuel Rutherford
5、 A key belief of was that humans are innately good, but this quality requires cultivation and the right environment to flourish.
答案: Mencius
6、 According to American cultural anthropologists Strobeck and Kluckhohn, the following value orientations could help identify one culture from another: .
答案: The concept of human nature.;
Understanding of relations between human and nature.;
How humans relate to one another.;
Time orientation and activity orientation.
7、 What are the three “jewels” of one’s personal development in Daoism?
答案: moderation;
thriftiness;
benevolence
8、 What do psychologists define as value orientation?
答案: the overall belief that guides people’s actions;
decision-making judgments in a variety of situations
9、 What were China’s typical diplomatic policies in history?
答案: peace-through-marriage policy;
the Tributary System
10、 What principles are established in France in the late 1800s?
答案: “All citizens are equal in the eyes of the law”;
“Nothing may be prevented which is not forbidden by law.”
11、 The combination of the rule of law and the rule of virtue is advocated by Chinese government.
答案: 正确
12、 Judaism, Christianity and Islam share common belief that human nature is basically good and redeemable.
答案: 错误
13、 The value orientation of advocating harmony and moderation had partly resulted in the lack of competitive consciousness and adventurous spirit in Chinese nation.
答案: 正确
14、 There were no disputes about the philosophy of moderation in modern China.
答案: 错误
15、 Moderation is an important part of self-cultivation in Confucianism, the core idea of it is of no excess, no matter in thought or intention.
答案: 错误
16、 “Rule of virtue” is the Chinese traditional political philosophy which is based on the perception that man is born good.
答案: 正确
17、 Plato opposed letting the highest officials wield power beyond guarding and serving the laws.
答案: 错误
18、 From very early time, the pursuit of profit and power has always been regarded as an illegitimate value in western world.
答案: 错误
19、 The famous philosopher John Locke (1632–1704) once said, the so-calledgood is the thing that can cause or increase our happiness and reduce our pain, and the so-called evil is the thing that can produce or increase our pain or reduce our happiness.
答案: 正确
20、 The younger generations in China are not as conservative and modest as their parents and grandparents.
答案: 正确
4. Man-Nature and Social Orientations 人与自然关系及社会关系取向 第四章单元测验
1、 What is the implied meaning of the idiom “Destruction pursues the great.”?
答案: warning people not to highlight personality.
2、 What relationship had become and still is one of the most basic and important issues in Chinese philosophy?
答案: The relation between Heaven and Man
3、 Who discussed the relation between man and nature from a philosophical point of view and proposing “man-made natural legislation.”
答案: Kant
4、 In China, what has become a moral principle regulating patriarchal clan relations?
答案: Collectivism
5、 Exploration and invention in the service of commercehave exemplified Western people’s , rather than a passive acceptance of it.
答案: struggle against nature
6、 With regard to Chinese Dream, which of the following statements are true ?
答案: It is based on the value of collectivism.;
It is a dream of Chinese people as a whole nation.;
It is a dream of national renewal.;
It stresses the importance of enterprising spirit.
7、 Which of the following aspects embodied the concept of harmony between nature and Human?
答案: the blending of scenes and feelings in literary works;
the harmonious artistic conception pursued in painting;
the concept of health preservation and food therapy which varies with seasons
8、 played an important role in the birth of modern ecological economics.
答案: The concepts of love for nature;
The concepts of respect for life
9、 In President Xi’s statements, Chinese Dream is described as two centenary goals:
答案: the material goal of China becoming a “moderately well-off society” by 2021;
the modernization goal of China becoming a fully developed nation by about 2049
10、 During the period of Greek civilization, it tend to
答案: recognize the dignity and value of the individual.;
affirm rights of individual.;
advocate the spirit of freedom.;
encourage the development of individual creativity.
11、 Confucius believed that the relationship between human and nature is equal. He stated, “heaven and human are not in conflict.”
答案: 错误
12、 Exploration and invention in the service of commerce have exemplified Western people’s struggle against nature, rather than a passive acceptance of it.
答案: 正确
13、 According to Geert Hofstede and his theory of cultural dimensions, individualism is the central dimension which indicate the features of certain cultures.
答案: 正确
14、 As regards to human beings’ relationship to nature, there are basically four patterns of thoughts.
答案: 错误
15、 In Tao Te Ching, which was written by Laozi in about 500 BC, Tao is described as the supreme principle of the universe.
答案: 正确
16、 Hemingway’s “The Old Man and the Sea” tells the story of the Greek hero’s ten-year sea adventure.
答案: 错误
17、 Scientific theory and practical technology are highly valued as a powerful weapon for understanding God and conquering nature by Western culture even during the prevalence of theology.
答案: 正确
18、 The slogan of ” Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.” reflected the strong will and determination of Chinese government and people in the construction of ecological civilization.
答案: 正确
19、 Western culture stresses the individual view, the value of responsibility and loyalty to the group and country, emphasizes the mutual love and caring among people.
答案: 错误
20、 In collectivistic culture, personal goals and interests take precedence over collective goals and interests.
答案: 错误
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