Overview of general pathology ; Cell injury, cell death and adaptations (1) 课程概述 细胞、组织的适应和损伤（1） Unit
1、 On a routine visit to the physician, an otherwise healthy 51-year-old man has a blood pressure of 150/95 mmHg. If the patient’s hypertension remains untreated for years, which of the following cellular alterations will most likely be seen in the myocardium?
A:Atrophy
B:Hyperplasia
C:Metaplasia
D:Hypertrophy
答案: Hypertrophy
2、 After the birth of her first child, a 25-year-old woman breast-fed the infant for about 1 year. Which of the following processes that occurred in the breast during pregnancy allowed her to breast-feed the infant?
A:Stromal hypertrophy
B:Lobular hyperplasia
C:Intracellular accumulation of fat
D:Ductal epithelial metaplasia
答案: Lobular hyperplasia
3、 What kind of cellular adaptation is found in the esophageal epithelium in the following figure?
A:Atrophy
B:Hypertrophy
C:Metaplasia
D:Hyperplasia
答案: Metaplasia
4、 Which of the following is not likely the cause of cell injury?
A:Infectious agents
B:Genetic abnormalities
C:Hypoxia and ischemia
D:Mutation of oncogenes
答案: Mutation of oncogenes
5、 Cell injury usually results from functional and biochemical abnormalities in one or more cellular components. Which of the following is not involved?
A:Excessive ATP generation
B:DNA damage
C:Accumulation of misfolded proteins
D:Increasing ROS
答案: Excessive ATP generation
6、 The reason muscles are more likely to survive hypoxia than the brain is that
A:With more glucose stores, muscles have a greater glycolytic capacity than brain
B:Muscles are tissue firmer than brain
C:Brain consumes less oxygen than muscles
D:Brain has a greater glycolytic capacity than brain, while muscles have limited glucose stores
答案: With more glucose stores, muscles have a greater glycolytic capacity than brain
7、 Ballooning degeneration is refers to
A:Fatty change
B:Hydropic degeneration
C:Hyaline degeneration
D:Amyloidosis
答案: Hydropic degeneration
8、 What reversible change is shown in the figure?
A:Cellular swelling
B:Hyaline degeneration
C:Fatty change
D:Myxoid degeneration
答案: Fatty change
9、 The mechanisms of intracellular accumulation are associated with the following processes except for
A:Alteration in protein folding
B:Accumulation of triglycerides in parenchymal cells
C:Accumulation of exogenous particles
D:Activated enzyme
答案: Activated enzyme
Cell injury, cell death and adaptations (2) 细胞、组织的适应和损伤（2） Unit quiz （02）单元测验（02）
1、 Which of the following sites is not likely to show hyaline degeneration?
A:Cytoplasm of hepatocyte
B:Fibrous scar
C:Endothelial cell
D:Arteriolar walls
答案: Endothelial cell
2、 A 72-year-old man died suddenly and unexpectedly from congestive heart failure. At autopsy, the heart weighed 580g and showed marked left ventricular hypertrophy and minimal coronary arterial atherosclerosis. A serum chemistry panel ordered prior to death showed no abnormalities. Which of the following pathologic processes best accounts for the appearance of the aortic valve seen in the figure? 
A:Amyloidosis
B:Dystrophic calcification
C:Fatty change
D:Lipofuscin deposition
答案: Dystrophic calcification
3、 Which of the following pigments is a not endogenous pigment?
A:hemosiderin
B:lipofuscin
C:bilirubin
D:carotene
答案: carotene
4、 Which of the following description is not true about the cytologic morphology in necrosis?
A:Eosinophilic and glassy cytoplasm
B:Nuclear shrinkage and increased basophilia
C:Increased eosinophilic nucleus
D:Fragmentation of pyknosis nuclear
答案: Increased eosinophilic nucleus
5、 A 69-year-old woman suddenly lost consciousness and, on awakening 1 hour later, she couldn’t speak or move her right arm and leg. Two months later, a head CT scan showed a large cystic area in the left parietal lobe. Which of the following pathologic processes has most likely occurred in the brain?
A:Fat necrosis
B:Coagulative necrosis
C:Apoptosis
D:Liquefactive necrosis
答案: Liquefactive necrosis
6、 A chest radiograph of an asymptomatic 37-year-old man showed a 3cm nodule in the middle lobe of the right lung. The nodule was excised with a pulmonary wedge resection, and sectioning showed the nodule to be sharply circumscribed with a soft, cheese-like center. Culture of tissue from the nodule grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Which of the following pathologic processes has most likely occurred in the nodule?
A:Caseous necrosis
B:Coagulative necrosis
C:Liquefactive necrosis
D:Fat necrosis
答案: Caseous necrosis
7、 Which of the following is not likely the result of necrosis?
A:Organization
B:Encapsulation
C:Metastatic calcification
D:Disappear
答案: Metastatic calcification
8、 What is the necrosis in the following figure?
A:Caseous necrosis
B:Fibrinous necrosis
C:Coagulative necrosis
D:Liquefactive necrosis
答案: Fibrinous necrosis
9、 Which of the following is not true about apoptosis?
A:Apoptosis can be triggered by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways
B:Apoptotic body is typically seen
C:Specialized membrane structures fall apart
D:Inflammation is triggered after apoptosis
答案: Inflammation is triggered after apoptosis
Tissue repair组织修复 Unit quiz （03）单元测验（03）
1、 According to the cell cycle phases and the proliferative potential, which is not belong to labile cells?
A:Squamous epithelium of the skin
B:Squamous epithelium of cervix
C:Mesothelial cells
D:Smooth muscle cells
答案: Smooth muscle cells
2、 Which one of the listed process does not relate to angiogenesis?
A:Proteolysis of ECM
B:Migration of endothelial cells
C:Proliferation of endothelial cells
D:Proliferation of fibroblasts
答案: Proliferation of fibroblasts
3、 According to the cell cycle phases and the proliferative potential, which is belong to permanent cells?
A:Cardiac myocytes
B:Squamous epithelium of cervix
C:Columnar epithelium of the stomach
D:Hepatocytes
答案: Cardiac myocytes
4、 Which is not the component of granulation tissue?
A:Proliferating fibroblasts
B:New thin-walled, delicate capillaries
C:Inflammatory cells
D:Nerve fibers
答案: Nerve fibers
5、 Which is not belong to the functions of the granulation tissue？
B:Anti-infection and protect the surface of the wound
C:Filling wound
D:Organization or encapsulation necrotic tissue
答案: Promote regeneration of the injurious tissue
6、 Which of the following injury does not involve the process of repair by scar formation?
A:The organization of splenic infarction
B:Healing of a large wound in the skin
C:The repair of myocardial infarction
D:The regeneration of partial hepatectomy
答案: The regeneration of partial hepatectomy
7、 Which factor does not influence tissue repair?
A:Infection
B:Presence of the necrotic tissue and foreign material
C:Diabetes mellitus
D:Vitamin A deficiency
答案: Vitamin A deficiency
8、 Which of the following is incorrect about the healing by first intention?
A:In 24 hours, the small gap in the epidermis and dermis is filled with the clotted blood
B:Neutrophils appear in the wound within 24 hours, rapidly complete the liquefaction process
C:Fibroblasts proliferate and migrate into the prepared dermal gap, leading to the formation of granulation tissue
D:There was a marked inflammatory response and keloid formation around the wound
答案: There was a marked inflammatory response and keloid formation around the wound
9、 Which is not belonging to abnormal wound healing in some clinical practice?
A:Healing by the first intention
B:Delayed wound healing
C:Wound dehiscence
D:Keloid formation
答案: Healing by the first intention
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