美国社会与文化(北京语言大学) 中国大学MOOC答案2024版100分完整版

4、 About 400 years ago, the Puritans came to America on the Mayflower and brought with them their ___, which has greatly influenced the thoughts of people in America.

答案: religions, values and beliefs

5、 In 1763,the Britain imposed new taxes on the colonies in America in part to share the cost of fighting a war against France, the colonists resented the taxes, and their slogen was ___

答案: “No taxation without representation.”

6、 The US is a country with great diversity in race, ethnicity, religion and culture. This is one of the facts about America–_____, which also helped their values to come into being.

答案: cultural pluralism

7、 __ is probably the most basic of all American values.

答案: individualism

8、 Which of the following statements is true of American people?

答案: Some of them like games, such as Walkman Dance.

9、 What does equality mean in the American context?

答案: Everyone should have an equal chance to succeed.

10、 What is the foundation of the American dream and power that motives the Americans for their economic prosperity today?

答案: The pursuit of material wealth.

11、 Early settlers came to the North American continent and established colonies mainly because they wanted to be free from_

答案: the power of kings, priests, and noblemen.

12、 There are no titles of nobility in the United States today because_

答案: they are forbidden by the Constitution.

13、 The price that the Americans pay for their individual freedom is __.

答案: self-reliance

14、 The American belief in equality of opportunity means that_

答案: everyone should have an equal chance to succeed.

15、 In the united states, learning to compete successfully is __.

答案: part of growing up

16、 Americans see their material possessions as__.

答案: the natural reward for their hard work

17、 In reality, such American ideals as equality of opportunity and self-reliance__.

答案: are only partly carried out in real life, but are still important because people believe in them

18、 Americans believe that _

答案: everyone gets a chance to be successful by their own efforts and talents.;
everyone has the right of all individuals to control their own destiny.;
everyone is responsible for their own situations in life.

19、 People from collectivistic cultures may find that_

答案: Americans pay relatively little attention to groups.;
Americans define their status in terms of what they have achieved.;
Americans are relatively unconcerned about interpersonal relations.

20、 Self-reliance means that__.

答案: taking care of themselves and solving their own problems;
achieving both financial and emotional independence;
standing on their own two feet

21、 Which facts reflect the Ameirican value of equality?

答案: Formal class system is not developed in the United States.;
Declaration of Independence states that “all men are created equal.”;
Titles of nobility like those in Europe were forbidden in the Constitution.

22、 What efforts have Americans made to safeguard equality in American people’s lives?

答案: Americans usually follow the rule of “one person, one vote”.;
Americans always pay attention to any other person’s opinion.;
Americans make good rules that allow everyone chances to win.

23、 Which facts show the American spirit of competition?

答案: People who like to compete are appreciated.;
There are a lot of expressions of “doing” rather than “being”in their language.;
Americans learn competition skills since young.

24、 Which of the statements are the evidences of American materialism?

答案: Americans will buy more new things driven by the pursuit of comfort, cleanliness and novelty.;
Americans may use credit card to buy things that they can’t afford at present.

25、 Why has American Dream begun to seem less attainable than before?

答案: A few people own a great deal of wealth in the US.;
Education becomes very expensive at the college level, and it plays an important in realizing the American dream,  ;
Ameirica has shifted to a service- or information- based emonomy.

26、 Christopher Columbus acted on behalf of the Spanish crown to explore the new continent in 1492.

答案: 错误

27、 The culture of the United States is one of the most individualistic in the world.

答案: 正确

28、 Traditionally, America was regarded as a “land of opportunity”.

答案: 正确

29、 Americans may change their tone of voice or order of speaking to show respect to their boss.

答案: 正确

30、 Anyone who does not compete successfully can’t fit into the mainstream of American life.

答案: 正确

31、 Older people in the United States are different from young people. They hardly compete.

答案: 错误

32、 American religious leaders never encouraged the idea of gaining wealth without hard work and self-discipline.

答案: 正确

第三章：美国的政治制度与政府（The Political System and Government） 3.7 单元测验 (Unit test)

1、 ___serves as the legal basis of the political system of America.

答案: The Constitution

2、 American constitution is a formal document defining the rules and the rights of citizens and governments in a __form.

答案: codified

3、 In 1787, the delegates from 12 of 13 states gathered in Philadelphia to attend the Constitutional Convention. Their purpose is ___.

答案: to create a federation to replace the confederation

4、 Which of the statements is not the purpose of creating the Constitution?

答案: Abolishing slavery system.

5、 The Congress has two houses: the Senate with two senators from each state, regardless of the size of its population, and the House of Representatives. The representatives are elected in proportion to the population. This is to reconcile the contradictions between_.

答案: large states and small states

6、 Which of the statement is true about the American president?

答案: The president heads the executive branch which takes the responsibility of carrying out the laws.

7、 The American way of election is different from the parliament system in that__.

答案: President and both houses of Congress are all chosen in separate elections.

8、 The focal point of American political life is the presidential election. Which of the statement is false about the presidential election?

答案: The president technically is directly elected by the people.

9、 Why do many presidential candidates put much emphasis on big states like New York, Texas and Florida?

答案: Because the winner of the plurality gets all of that state electoral votes.

10、 Two parties of the US alternate in governing. The two main parties are___.

答案: The Democratic Party and the Republican Party

11、 The American political system is based on a two-party system. In America, to be the party in power, the party has to__.

答案: win the presidential election

12、 Generally speaking, the Democratic Party is considered more __while the Republican Party more _____.

答案: liberal; conservative

13、 Americans do not want to have a strong national government because____.

答案: they are afraid it will put limits on their individual freedom

14、 The constitution of the United States__.

答案: tries to give each branch enough power to balance the others

15、 The President of the United States__.

答案: can veto a law that has been passed by Congress

16、 Which statement about the traditional stance of the political parties is false?

答案: The Republicans and the Democrats basically agree about the role of government and they have the same political beliefs.

17、 The key principles that are embedded in the Constitution include __.

答案: federalism;
separation of powers;
checks and balances

18、 The national government is divided into three separate branches. They are _,_and_.

答案: the legislative branch;
the executive branch;
the judicial branch

19、 The Democratic Party recognizes the important role of government in promoting social equality, while the Republican Party stresses anti-government and pro-business ideals. Therefore, __tend to vote for Democrats.

答案: nonwhite minorities;
women

第四章：美国商业文化（American Business Culture） 4.6 单元测验 (Unit test)

1、 Which of the following options belongs to business enterprise?

答案: Wal-Mart

2、 Business culture reflects the typical American character and values. Among them, __is seen not only as a value itself, it is also the means by which other basic American values are protected.

答案: competition

3、 Many Americans believe that competition is vitally important to preserving freedom. The terms “__” is the most often used to describe the American business system.

答案: free enterprise

4、 Since everyone gets an equal opportunity for success, if two business people are competing against each other, the one who devotes more efforts is likely to win. That shows that the business competition encourages the value of _.

答案: hard work

5、 One aspect of the American dream is to rise from poverty to modest wealth to great wealth. In the United States, this has usually been accomplished ____.

答案: through successful business careers

6、 Here are about some statements about American people’s general attitude towards the government. Which one is correct?

答案: Americans sometimes distrust the motives of business people and they think the government should be involved in part in the business, but not too much.

7、 In the colonial days, what had held back the development of economy?

答案: the abundance of land and scarcity of labor

8、 Which of the following options was the epoch of tycoon in the “Gilded Age” of the second half of the 19th century?

答案: John D. Rockefeller

9、 The start of American entrepreneurship dates back to_.

答案: settlers engaging in trade and barter with Native Americans

10、 In real life, American people are also inspired by those stories of famous entrepreneurs throughout history. Which of the heroes is not a representative of American entrepreneurship?

答案: George Washington

11、 Americans compare business competition to a race, which is open to all Americans regardless of _ .

答案: ethnicity;
family;
education;
social class

12、 US government intervention in the economy increased the most during the Depression of the 1930s and World War II. The government get involved in business in several ways:

答案: The government set the anti-trust laws to promote market competition.;
The government engaged in regulations of business in social issues.;
The government intervened in specific industries to encourage investment.

13、 When the first British settlers arrived in Massachusetts, _ and _ were primary sources of wealth.

答案: trading in furs;
fishing

14、 Which of the following statements are true about Alexander Hamilton?

答案: He was one of the nation’s founding fathers.;
He was the nation’s first Secretary of Treasury.;
He led the Annapolis Convention of 1786.

15、 What are the factors that enticed American settlers and immigrants to head west in the late nineteenth century?

答案: The cheap land for farming, logging, and ranching.;
The discovery of precious metals and minerals.

16、 In the US, successful business people are usually known as heroes in their communities, usually more than academic people.

答案: 正确

17、 Most Americans believe that business comes closer than other institutions to encouraging competition and other basic values in daily practice.

答案: 正确

18、 Throughout the colonial period, American people were self-sufficient, and except slaves, the standard of living were generally higher than that in England.

答案: 正确

19、 Western settlers were often depicted as independent and strongly opposed to any kind of government control or interference, so they had received no government help.

答案: 错误

20、 Americans would rather build a relationship first than sign a deal with you.

答案: 错误